Women and Ageing in Hong Kong
Table 1: Older Population by sex and age
|
Age |
Male |
Female |
Total |
|
60-64 |
142000 |
126000 |
268300 |
|
65-69 |
128000 |
123200 |
251200 |
|
70-74 |
96600 |
106000 |
202600 |
|
≧75 |
113700 |
166600 |
280300 |
|
Total |
480600 |
521800 |
1002400 |
Source: Hong Kong Monthly Digest of Statistics, August 1999
Table 2: Expectation of Life at Selected Ages by Sex 1998, 2008, 2016
|
1998 |
2008* |
2016* |
|
|
Male : 60 |
20.6 |
20.9 |
21.1 |
|
80 |
7.9 |
7.7 |
7.8 |
|
Female : 60 |
25.1 |
24.9 |
25.1 |
|
80 |
10.6 |
9.4 |
9.7 |
Source: Census & Statistics Department *1996 based Population Projection
Table 3: Education Attainment of women aged and over 60
|
Education level |
Female No.(%) |
Sub-Total No.(%) |
|
|
60-64 |
65+ |
||
|
No Schooling/Kindergarten |
52409(41.9) |
206949(59.7) |
259358(55.0) |
|
Primary |
51687(41.4) |
106743(30.8) |
158430(33.6) |
|
Lower Secondary |
8565(6.9) |
15196(4.4) |
23761(5.0) |
|
Upper Secondary |
6334(5.1) |
9999(2.9) |
16333(3.5) |
|
Post secondary/ university |
5839(4.7) |
7846(2.2) |
13685(2.9) |
|
Total |
124834(100) |
346733(100) |
471567(100) |
Source: Census & Statistics Department, 1996 Population By-Census- Main Tables
Table 4 : Activity Status of women aged and over 60
|
Activity Status/ Age |
60-64 |
65+ |
Sub-Total |
|
Economically Active: Self-employed |
1309 |
1730 |
3039 |
|
Employers |
940 |
885 |
1825 |
|
Employees |
14319 |
9488 |
23807 |
|
Subtotal |
28671(6.1%) |
||
|
Economically Inactive : Home-makers |
49283 |
71470 |
120753(25.7%) |
|
Retired |
52127 |
245806 |
297926(63.5%) |
|
Of independent means |
380 |
1126 |
1506(0.3%) |
|
Others |
5234 |
15079 |
20313(4.3%) |
|
Subtotal |
440498(93.9%) |
||
|
Total |
469169(100%) |
||
Source: Census & Statistics Department, 1996 Population By-Census- Main Tables
Table 5: Labour Force Participation Rates of older women in the past decade
|
Age |
|||||
|
Year |
60-64 |
65+ |
Total |
||
|
Number (‘000) |
(%) |
Number (‘000) |
(%) |
(%) |
|
|
1988 |
24.0 |
21.2 |
22.5 |
8.6 |
29.8 |
|
1991 |
21.4 |
17.2 |
17.8 |
6.4 |
23.6 |
|
1993 |
16.2 |
13.5 |
11.1 |
3.8 |
17.3 |
|
1994 |
15.1 |
12.4 |
9.8 |
3,2 |
15,6 |
|
1995 |
15.3 |
12.5 |
9.6 |
3.0 |
15.5 |
|
1996 |
13.8 |
11.2 |
8.8 |
2.6 |
13.8 |
|
1997 |
12.8 |
10.4 |
6.7 |
1.9 |
12.3 |
Source: Census & Statistics Department, Hong Kong Monthly Digest of Statistics, various years
Table 6 : Occupations of older women aged 60 and over
|
Female |
|||
|
Occupation |
60-64 |
65+ |
Sub-Total (%) |
|
Managers and administrators |
1210 |
978 |
2188 (7.21%) |
|
Professionals |
220 |
143 |
363 (1.20%) |
|
Associate Professionals |
647 |
200 |
847 (2.80%) |
|
Clerks |
800 |
527 |
1327 (4.37%) |
|
Service workers and shop sales workers |
1477 |
1261 |
2738 (9.02%) |
|
Craft and related workers |
909 |
476 |
1385 (4.56%) |
|
Plant and machine operators and assemblers |
793 |
349 |
1142 (3.76%) |
|
Elementary occupations |
10914 |
8685 |
19599 (64.58%) |
|
Others |
339 |
421 |
760 (2.5%) |
|
Total |
30349 (100%) |
||
Source: Census & Statistics Department, 1996 Population By-Census- Main Tables
Table 7 : Median Monthly Income from Main Employment of women aged and over 60 in 1996
|
Median Monthly Income from Main Employment (HK$) |
|||
|
Sex \Age |
55-64 |
65+ |
Overall* |
|
Male |
7,700 |
5,000 |
10,000 |
|
Female |
5,600 |
4,000 |
8,000 |
|
% of Female income to Male |
65 |
71.4 |
80 |
Source: Census & Statistics Department, 1996 Population By-Census- Main Tables
* Figures include income from all working aged groups
Table 8: Gender-Related Development in Hong Kong
|
Country/City |
Gender-related development index (GDI) rank |
Life expectancy at birth (years) 1995 Female |
Life expectancy at birth (years) 1995 Male |
Adult literacy rate (%) 1995 Female |
Adult literacy rate (%) 1995 Male |
Combined first-, secondary- and third-level gross enrolment ratio (%) 1995 Female |
Combined first-, secondary- and third-level gross enrolment ratio (%) 1995 Male |
Share of earned income (%) 1995 Female |
Share of earned income (%) 1995 Male |
|
High human development |
76.79 |
70.27 |
95.23 |
96.16 |
79.03 |
75.51 |
34.41 |
65.59 |
|
|
Hong Kong |
33 |
81.82 |
76.07 |
88.19 |
96.04 |
69.91 |
61.91 |
25.616 |
74.384 |
Source: United Nations, Gender-Related Development Index 1998
Table 9 : Applicants by Sex and type of Elderly Home 1999
|
Type of Elderly Home |
||||||||||
|
Hostel for the Elderly |
Home for the Aged |
Care & Attention Home |
Nursing Home |
Overall* |
||||||
|
Sex |
No. |
% |
No. |
% |
No. |
% |
No. |
% |
No. |
% |
|
Male |
51 |
51.5 |
1928 |
27.9 |
5155 |
28.9 |
1433 |
38.8 |
8567 |
30 |
|
Female |
48 |
48.5 |
4994 |
72.1 |
12669 |
71.1 |
2260 |
61.2 |
19971 |
70 |
|
Total |
99 |
100.0 |
6922 |
100.0 |
17824 |
100.0 |
3693 |
100.0 |
28538 |
100 |
Source: Social Welfare Department, A Profile of Applicants under the Residential Care Services Delivery System for the Elderly, 1999
Table 10: Labour Force Participation Rates by Sex and Age Group
|
1990 |
1993 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
||
|
Age/Sex |
% |
% |
% |
% |
% |
% |
% |
|
|
15-19 |
M |
29.8 |
27.9 |
22.5 |
22.1 |
21.3 |
20.1 |
20.3 |
|
F |
26.1 |
20.2 |
18.7 |
18.6 |
17.0 |
18.3 |
16.7 |
|
|
20-24 |
M |
86.0 |
81.1 |
79.2 |
78.6 |
78.0 |
77.8 |
76.6 |
|
F |
83.4 |
79.1 |
77.2 |
77.6 |
76.6 |
75.9 |
76.2 |
|
|
25-29 |
M |
98.4 |
97.5 |
96.8 |
97.1 |
97.1 |
97.3 |
97.1 |
|
F |
77.9 |
79.8 |
82.8 |
82.9 |
83.7 |
84.5 |
84.4 |
|
|
30-34 |
M |
98.9 |
98.3 |
98.5 |
98.5 |
98.3 |
98.3 |
97.9 |
|
F |
55.3 |
62.0 |
66.7 |
68.9 |
70.4 |
71.6 |
73.1 |
|
|
35-39 |
M |
98.8 |
98.5 |
98.6 |
98.0 |
98.1 |
98.0 |
97.8 |
|
F |
52.3 |
50.2 |
54.7 |
56.6 |
58.2 |
59.4 |
61.1 |
|
|
40-44 |
M |
98.9 |
98.5 |
97.9 |
97.6 |
97.4 |
97.6 |
97.2 |
|
F |
53.5 |
51.5 |
52.8 |
54.0 |
54.5 |
54.0 |
56.2 |
|
|
45-49 |
M |
97.8 |
97.4 |
97.0 |
96.6 |
96.7 |
96.4 |
95.6 |
|
F |
52.3 |
51.2 |
51.1 |
51.3 |
51.5 |
52.8 |
53.9 |
|
|
50-54 |
M |
92.8 |
92.6 |
92.2 |
91.5 |
92.3 |
91.2 |
91.4 |
|
F |
38.1 |
40.2 |
42.6 |
39.3 |
42.2 |
44.8 |
45.5 |
|
|
55-59 |
M |
81.2 |
81.4 |
78.6 |
77.2 |
77.5 |
77.5 |
77.5 |
|
F |
27.1 |
25.3 |
27.2 |
26.2 |
27.1 |
28.4 |
30.6 |
|
|
60-64 |
M |
54.7 |
51.9 |
50.7 |
49.9 |
48.4 |
47.0 |
44.7 |
|
F |
18.4 |
13.5 |
12.5 |
11.3 |
10.4 |
11.1 |
11.1 |
|
|
>65 |
M |
21.4 |
16.8 |
15.2 |
13.4 |
11.8 |
11.1 |
11.0 |
|
F |
5.9 |
3.8 |
3.0 |
2.6 |
1.9 |
1.9 |
2.0 |
|
|
Overall |
63.2 |
62.3 |
62.0 |
61.6 |
61.2 |
61.1 |
60.9 |
|
Source: General Household Survey Section, Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Annual Digest of Statistics 2000